Trench 1U

Craig Barker


Trench 1U was a 4 x 4m trench excavated in the 1997 season. As can be seen from the plan, it was located on the eastern side of the theatre's orchestra and the aim of the excavation was to see if the features uncovered in trench 1P on the western side were reciprocated at the parodos, or entranceway, on the other.

Unfortunately excavation very quickly indicated that this area of the site had been badly disturbed. Modern activity on the site was cleared away and in the north-west corner of the trench the bedrock basis of the cavea seating was soon revealed. Some plaster fragments from the covering of the seating were still lying on the bedrock, although no evidence of seating was to be found. The bedrock-cut edge of the cavea was found, although all the parodos wall's stone edging revealed on the western side of the theatre and to the east in trench 1M had been removed from here. A mixed deposit and a mixed range of ceramics (twentieth-century ceramics were still being found at a depth of over one metre) suggest that for a long time soil had been washed down Fabrika hill and over the edge of the cavea. It also seems to have been the site of agricultural activity both recently and over a long period previously: about 20 cm above the surface of the floor of the parodos (or side entrance to the theatre) the skeleton of a large animal was uncovered and around it much medieval pottery.

At the very bottom of the rows of the cavea, which had been badly damaged, the only clear evidence left was white cement which probably indicates the end of the stone wall built to surround the orchestra in the Roman period. This wall and cement were also found in trench 1V. There is no indication whether the eastern parodos has a marble threshold at the entrance to the orchestra as the western parodos did (see trench 1P).

The western side of the trench came down directly onto the orchestra floor. It was identical to those parts of the orchestra uncovered elsewhere, with at least three successive surfaces. Excavation of the parodos has shown that it too was covered with the same materials. Unfortunately the parodos and orchestra surfaces here are not well preserved and only patches of them survive. Into these surfaces have been drilled three postholes, but there has been so much damage that it cannot be determined whether they represent a contemporary structure or a later feature related to the agricultural usage of the site. In the south-west corner of the trench are the remains of a clay drainage pipe placed into a cut in the surface of the orchestra. Its date and use is not known at this stage.